Abstract: . . .  with cancer Men not diagnosed with cancer Figure 1 A screening pathway for the PSA test. Page 2 mortality and to prevent serious complications associated with advanced disease such as urological malfunction, bleeding and obstruction, and bone pain. What is the case for prostate cancer screening? It is important to note that there are many concerns about prostate cancer screening: There is no conclusive evidence that screening reduces mortality; There is considerable over-diagnosis of cancers which . . .
. . .  groups by genetic markers to inform targeted screening To improve the accuracy of pathological grading used to decide treatment To identify markers of progression used in decisions on treatment To improve methods of monitoring progression To reduce the proportion of men experiencing long term side effects from certain treatments To monitor ad hoc testing nationwide to plan NHS services Table 1 Future research priorities in prostate cancer screening  . . .
. . .  cured? Ideally, it would be best to prevent men developing prostate cancer in the first place. But currently the causes of prostate cancer are unknown. A second option would be to cure the disease once it is diagnosed. However, for about a third of cases, the disease is fairly advanced at diagnosis and there is no cure at this late stage. Moreover, it is difficult to detect early stage prostate cancer as there are no specific signs or symptoms. Therefore there has been great interest in screening . . .
. . .  RESEARCH CANCER SCREENING 52 Figure 2 Weighing up the benefits and harms of screening for prostate cancer . To evaluate whether screening gives benefit To improve the accuracy of the screening test To identify high risk groups by genetic markers to inform targeted screening To improve the accuracy of pathological grading used to decide treatment To identify markers of progression used in decisions on treatment To improve methods of monitoring progression To reduce the proportion of men experiencing . . .
. . .  decisions on treatment To improve methods of monitoring progression To reduce the proportion of men experiencing long term side effects from certain treatments To monitor ad hoc testing nationwide to plan NHS services Table 1 Future research priorities in prostate cancer screening  . . .
. . .  treatment To improve methods of monitoring progression To reduce the proportion of men experiencing long term side effects from certain treatments To monitor ad hoc testing nationwide to plan NHS services Table 1 Future research priorities in prostate cancer screening  . . .
--3000,6,250,2918,25151