Abstract: . . .  headache, fever, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and pain. Systemic therapy (sis-TEM-ik): Treatment that uses substances that travel through the bloodstream, reaching and affecting cells all over the body. Thyroglobulin (THIGH-roe-GLOB-yu-lin): The form that thyroid hormone takes when stored in the cells of the thyroid . If the thyroid has been removed, thyroglobulin should not show up on a blood test. Doctors measure thyroglobulin level in blood to detect thyroid cancer cells that remain in the body after treatment. Thyroid (THIGH-roid): A gland located beneath the voice box (larynx) that produces thyroid hormone. The thyroid helps regulate growth and metabolism. What You Need To Know About Index Page 37 33 Thyroidectomy (thigh-roid-EK-toe-mee): Surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid . Thyroid hormone : The thyroid gland makes T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine), which together are considered thyroid hormone. T3 and T4 have identical effects on cells. Thyroid hormone affects heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and weight. T3 and T4 are stored as thyroglobulin, which can be converted back into T3 and T4. Thyroid -stimulating hormone : TSH. A hormone produced by the pituitary gland. TSH stimulates the release of thyroid hormone from thyroglobulin. It also stimulates the growth of thyroid follicular cells. An abnormal TSH level may mean that the thyroid hormonal regulation system is out of control, usually as a result of a benign condition (hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism). Tissue (TISH-oo): A group or layer of cells that are alike in type and work together to perform a specific function. Tumor (TOO-mer): An abnormal mass of tissue that results from excessive cell division. Tumors perform no useful body function. They may be benign (not cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Ultrasonography (UL-tra-son-OG-ra-fee): A procedure in which sound waves (called ultrasound) are bounced off tissues and the echoes produce a picture (sonogram). X-ray : High-energy radiation used in low doses to diagnose diseases and in high doses to treat cancer . What You Need To Know About Index Page 38 34 National Cancer Institute Information Resources ou may want more information for yourself, your family, and your doctor. The following National Cancer Institute (NCI) services are available to help you. Telephone Cancer Information Service (CIS) Provides accurate, up-to-date information on cancer to patients and their families, health professionals, and the general public. Information specialists translate the latest scientific information into understandable language and respond in English, Spanish, or on TTY equipment. Toll-free: 1–800–4– CANCER (1–800–422–6237) TTY: 1–800–332–8615 Internet http:// cancer .gov NCI’s Web site contains comprehensive information about cancer causes and prevention, screening and diagnosis, treatment and survivorship; clinical trials; statistics; funding, training, and employment opportunities; and the Institute and its programs. . . .
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